The Five Divine Presences | William Chittick

Five Divine Presences | Willam Chittick

This article explores the concept of the “Five Divine Presences” in the teachings of Ibn al-Arabi, a prominent Islamic scholar. The author analyzes how this idea was developed by five influential figures who were followers of Ibn al-Arabi. These figures include Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, Sa’id al-Din al-Farghni, Muayyid al-Din al-Jandi, Kamal al-Din ‘Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani, and Sharaf al-Din Dawud al-Qaysari. The article highlights their contributions to the spread of Ibn al-Arabi’s ideas and the importance of their commentaries on his works.